Health: The Ultimate Treasure - Class 8 Science
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is defined as:
As per WHO, health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease.
Which of the following are the three aspects of health according to WHO?
According to WHO, health includes three aspects: physical well-being, mental well-being, and social well-being.
A healthy person can:
A healthy person can perform various tasks more efficiently and cope well in different and difficult situations. They can also adjust well with peer groups and other members of society.
Being healthy means:
A healthy person takes care of their body, maintains a positive mindset, and enjoys social life. Health includes feeling good physically, staying positive, and having strong relationships.
Health is just about not having diseases.
Health is not just about not having diseases. According to WHO, it is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
Health and happiness are closely related.
Being happy helps us stay active and healthy, and good health also improves our mood. Health and happiness are closely related.
According to Ayurveda, true health is a balance of:
Ayurveda teaches that true health is a balance of body, mind, and surroundings. This holistic approach considers all aspects of well-being.
What is "dinacharya" in Ayurveda?
Dinacharya means daily routine in Ayurveda. Following dinacharya (daily routine) and ritucharya (seasonal routine) helps maintain balance of body, mind, and surroundings.
What is "ritucharya" in Ayurveda?
Ritucharya means seasonal routine in Ayurveda. Adapting lifestyle according to seasons helps maintain health balance.
What does "prakriti" mean in Ayurveda?
Prakriti means body constitution in Ayurveda. Eating fresh, wholesome food suited to one's prakriti (body constitution) is essential for good health.
Which practices help achieve overall well-being according to Ayurveda?
According to Ayurveda, overall well-being can be achieved through practices like yoga, meditation, and mindfulness, along with regular exercise, cleanliness, restful sleep, and a calm mind.
Ayurveda emphasizes eating food suited to one's body constitution (prakriti).
Ayurveda emphasizes eating fresh, wholesome food suited to one's prakriti (body constitution) for maintaining good health.
Which of the following is NOT a healthy habit?
Spending too much time on mobile phones or other digital screens is not a healthy habit. It can lead to various health problems including eye strain, sleep disorders, and reduced physical activity.
Staying healthy includes all of the following EXCEPT:
Skipping meals, especially breakfast, is not healthy. Staying healthy means eating nutritious food, maintaining hygiene, staying in a clean place, exercising regularly, and getting proper sleep.
Our health depends on which factors?
Our health depends on many factors including our lifestyle (how we live) and our environment (our surroundings).
Which breathing exercise is recommended for good health?
Practicing yoga or simple breathing exercises like pranayama regularly is recommended for maintaining good health.
What should we avoid for good health?
We should say 'NO' to harmful substances like tobacco, alcohol, and addictive drugs. These can seriously damage our health.
A balanced diet should include plenty of:
A balanced diet should include plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. We should avoid processed, fatty, or sugary food and drinks.
How can we stay physically active?
We can stay physically active by playing outdoors, walking, running, cycling, or exercising. We should limit screen time and spend more time in nature.
Eating fast food and junk food every day is good for health.
Eating fast food and other junk food every day is not good for health. It is one of the habits that can harm our health.
Healthy habits support both a healthy body and a healthy mind.
Taking care of our body and mind is important. Healthy habits support a healthy body as well as a healthy mind.
What does AQI stand for?
AQI stands for Air Quality Index. It helps us know how clean the air is. A cleaner environment helps us stay healthy and feel better.
What health problems can air pollution cause?
In cities, air pollution from vehicles and factories can cause problems like coughing or asthma. Clean air is important for our health.
People living in polluted, dirty areas may:
People living in polluted, dirty, unhygienic areas full of flies and mosquitoes may fall sick more often.
Why is mental health also important?
Health is not only about the body. Our feelings and relationships matter too. Even if we eat well and live in a clean place, we may not feel good if we are lonely or upset.
What helps keep our minds healthy?
Spending time with friends and family, talking, laughing, and having fun help keep our minds healthy too.
Clean air and water are important for our health.
Clean air and water are important for our health. Air pollution can cause breathing problems, and contaminated water can spread diseases.
What is a symptom?
A symptom is what we feel, like pain, tiredness, or dizziness. It is different from a sign which can be seen or measured.
What is a sign of illness?
A sign is something that can be seen or measured, like fever, rash, high blood pressure, or swelling. Signs help doctors understand what might be making us unwell.
Which of the following is a symptom?
Pain is a symptom because it is what we feel. High body temperature, visible rash, and swelling are signs because they can be seen or measured.
Which of the following is a sign of illness?
Fever is a sign because it can be measured (high body temperature). Tiredness, dizziness, and feeling weak are symptoms because they are what we feel.
Symptoms and signs help doctors understand what might be making us unwell.
Both symptoms (what we feel) and signs (what can be seen or measured) help doctors understand what might be causing illness and how to treat it.
What is a disease?
A disease is a condition that affects the normal working of the body or mind. It can happen when one or more organs or organ systems stop functioning properly.
What are pathogens?
Pathogens are disease-causing organisms. These include bacteria, viruses, fungi, worms, and protozoa that can cause diseases.
Diseases can be grouped into which two major types?
Diseases can be grouped into two major types based on their causes and how they spread: communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases.
Which of the following can cause diseases?
Diseases can be caused by various pathogens including bacteria, viruses, fungi, worms, and protozoa (single-celled organisms).
All diseases are caused by pathogens.
Not all diseases are caused by pathogens. Some diseases like cancer, diabetes, and asthma are not caused by pathogens but are linked to lifestyle, diet, and environment.
What are communicable diseases?
Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens and can spread from one person to another. Examples include typhoid, dengue, flu, chickenpox, and COVID-19.
Which of the following is an example of a communicable disease?
Typhoid is a communicable disease caused by bacteria and can spread through contaminated food or water. Diabetes, cancer, and asthma are non-communicable diseases.
How can pathogens enter our body?
Pathogens can enter our body through the air we breathe, by consuming contaminated food or water, through direct or indirect contact, and through insect bites.
What are vectors in the context of disease transmission?
Vectors are insects like mosquitoes and houseflies that spread pathogens from one person to another. Malaria and dengue are spread by mosquitoes.
Which diseases spread through the air?
Common cold, influenza, chickenpox, measles, and tuberculosis (TB) spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
Communicable diseases can spread from one person to another.
Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens and can spread from one person to another through various means like air, water, food, or contact.
Common cold and influenza are caused by:
Common cold and influenza are caused by viruses. They affect the respiratory tract and spread through the air.
What are the symptoms of common cold?
Symptoms of common cold include nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, fever, cough, and body ache.
Chickenpox is caused by:
Chickenpox is caused by a virus. It affects the respiratory tract and skin, causing mild fever, itchy skin, rashes, and blisters.
What are the symptoms of chickenpox?
Chickenpox symptoms include mild fever, itchy skin, rashes, and blisters. Complete isolation of the patient and vaccination can help prevent its spread.
Measles is caused by:
Measles is caused by a virus. It affects the skin and respiratory tract, causing fever, sore throat, and reddish rashes on the neck, ears, and other parts of the skin.
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by:
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria. It mainly affects the lungs and causes symptoms like cough, fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, and night sweats.
Which organ is mainly affected by Tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis mainly affects the lungs. Symptoms include cough, fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, and night sweats.
What is a preventive measure for airborne diseases?
Preventive measures for airborne diseases include covering the mouth and nose while coughing/sneezing, washing hands frequently, not sharing personal items, and vaccination.
TB can be prevented by vaccination.
Tuberculosis can be prevented by avoiding close contact with TB-infected people, covering the mouth and nose, maintaining good hygiene, and getting vaccinated (BCG vaccine).
Hepatitis A is caused by:
Hepatitis A is caused by a virus. It affects the liver and spreads through contaminated water and food.
Which organ is affected by Hepatitis A?
Hepatitis A affects the liver. Symptoms include fatigue, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, and pain in the upper right abdomen.
Cholera is caused by:
Cholera is caused by bacteria. It affects the intestine and causes severe diarrhoea and dehydration.
What are the symptoms of cholera?
Cholera causes severe diarrhoea and dehydration. It spreads through contaminated water and food.
Typhoid is caused by:
Typhoid is caused by bacteria. It affects the intestine and causes headache, abdominal discomfort, fever, and diarrhoea.
What are the symptoms of typhoid?
Typhoid symptoms include headache, abdominal discomfort, fever, and diarrhoea. It spreads through contaminated food and water.
Ascariasis is caused by:
Ascariasis is caused by roundworms. It affects the intestine and causes worms in stool, loss of appetite, poor growth, diarrhoea, weight loss, and anaemia.
How can waterborne diseases be prevented?
Waterborne diseases can be prevented by maintaining personal hygiene, good sanitary habits, consuming properly cooked food, and drinking boiled water.
Worms that live inside our body and feed on nutrients are called:
Parasites are organisms that live in or on another living being and feed on nutrients. Some infectious diseases are caused by worms that live as parasites in our digestive system.
Drinking boiled water helps prevent waterborne diseases.
Drinking boiled water helps kill pathogens and prevents waterborne diseases like cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis A.
Malaria is caused by:
Malaria is caused by protozoa. It is transmitted by mosquitoes and affects the skin and blood.
What are the symptoms of malaria?
Malaria symptoms include high fever, profuse sweating, and periodic chills. It is spread by mosquitoes.
Dengue fever is also known as:
Dengue fever is also known as Break bone fever because it causes severe muscle and joint pain that feels like bones are breaking.
Dengue fever is caused by:
Dengue fever is caused by a virus. It is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, and nausea.
How can malaria and dengue be prevented?
Malaria and dengue can be prevented by using mosquito nets and repellents, wearing long-sleeved clothes, and controlling mosquito breeding in and around homes.
Monsoon season leads to increase in malaria and dengue cases.
The arrival of monsoon leads to increase in malaria and dengue cases because stagnant water provides breeding grounds for mosquitoes.
Mosquitoes are vectors for spreading malaria and dengue.
Mosquitoes are vectors - they spread pathogens from infected persons to healthy persons. Both malaria and dengue are transmitted by mosquitoes.
What are non-communicable diseases?
Non-communicable diseases like cancer, diabetes, or asthma are not caused by pathogens and do not spread from one person to another. They are usually linked to lifestyle, diet, and/or environment.
Which of the following is a non-communicable disease?
Diabetes is a non-communicable disease. It is not caused by pathogens and does not spread from person to person. It is linked to lifestyle and diet.
Non-communicable diseases are linked to:
Non-communicable diseases are usually linked to lifestyle, diet, and/or environment. Examples include cancer, diabetes, and asthma.
What is the most common cause of death in India today?
Today, most deaths in India are caused by non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.
Why have non-communicable diseases become more common in India?
NCDs have become more common due to changes in how people live - eating more processed food, getting less exercise, and living longer lives.
What are deficiency diseases?
Deficiency diseases are caused by a lack of specific nutrients in the diet. Examples include scurvy, anaemia, and goitre. These are also non-communicable.
What are chronic diseases?
Chronic diseases are diseases that persist for a long time (more than 3 months). Cancer, diabetes, and asthma are examples of chronic diseases.
What are the symptoms of diabetes?
Diabetes symptoms include frequent urination, excessive thirst, weight loss, tiredness, and slow healing of wounds.
What causes diabetes?
Diabetes often develops due to a combination of hormonal imbalances, unhealthy eating habits, lack of physical activity, being overweight or obese.
According to ICMR report, how many people in India are diabetic?
More than 100 million people in India are diabetic according to ICMR report. India now has one of the highest numbers of people with diabetes in the world.
What percentage of India's population is diabetic?
11.4% of India's population is diabetic, according to reports. This makes diabetes one of the most common health concerns in the country.
What percentage of Indians are obese?
28.6% of Indians are obese according to reports. Obesity is a major risk factor for many non-communicable diseases.
Non-communicable diseases can spread from person to person.
Non-communicable diseases do NOT spread from person to person. They are not caused by pathogens and are linked to lifestyle, diet, and environment.
Fast food is one of the leading causes of diabetes.
Fast food is one of the leading causes of diabetes because it is often high in sugar, fat, and calories, contributing to obesity and unhealthy eating habits.
What does the phrase "Prevention is better than cure" mean?
The phrase means it is better to protect ourselves from diseases before they happen than to treat them after we get sick.
Which of the following is NOT a precaution to prevent communicable diseases?
Eating more fast food is not a precaution - in fact, it can harm health. Precautions include washing hands, covering mouth while sneezing, and not sharing personal items.
How much does regular handwashing reduce infection?
Regular handwashing reduces infection by 50%. It is one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of diseases.
What should we do when we are unwell?
Staying at home and resting when we are unwell helps the body recover and minimises spreading the disease to others.
What helped reduce diarrhoea cases in Bhadrak district, Odisha?
In Bhadrak district, Odisha, a community sanitation campaign helped build and use toilets, reducing open defecation and improving child health with fewer cases of diarrhoea and infections.
Wearing a mask in crowded places provides protection against diseases.
Wearing a mask in crowded places provides protection against airborne diseases by filtering out pathogens in the air.
What is immunity?
Immunity is the natural ability of our body to fight diseases. Our body has a special system called the immune system that helps fight against diseases.
What is the immune system?
The immune system is a special system in our body that helps fight against diseases and protect us from pathogens.
Why do some people get sick more frequently than others in similar environments?
Some people get sick more frequently than others because they have different immunity levels. People with stronger immunity can fight diseases better.
What is acquired immunity?
Acquired immunity is protection developed after exposure to a pathogen or a vaccine. Vaccines help develop acquired immunity.
Why is immune response stronger on second exposure to same pathogen?
When our body encounters a pathogen for the second time, the immune response is much stronger because the immune system has memory and recognizes the pathogen from the first exposure.
Our immune system helps protect us from harmful pathogens.
Our immune system helps protect us from harmful pathogens by recognizing and attacking germs that enter our body.
What is a vaccine?
A vaccine helps our body fight certain diseases by training the immune system to recognise and attack harmful germs.
Who discovered the first vaccine?
Edward Jenner, an English doctor, discovered the first vaccine in the late 1700s. He discovered that people who had cowpox did not get smallpox.
What disease did the first vaccine protect against?
The first vaccine, discovered by Edward Jenner, protected against smallpox. Smallpox was a deadly disease that caused blisters and killed millions.
What did Edward Jenner observe about milkmaids?
Jenner observed that milkmaids who had cowpox did not catch smallpox, likely because the two viruses are related. This led to the invention of the first vaccine.
What is cowpox?
Cowpox is a milder disease seen in cows that could also infect humans. It is related to smallpox and gave protection against smallpox.
When was smallpox eradicated worldwide?
Smallpox was eradicated worldwide in 1979 through mass vaccination campaigns. This was one of the greatest achievements of modern medicine.
Vaccines can be made from:
Vaccines can be made in different ways - from weakened or dead pathogens (like viruses or bacteria), or from inactive or harmless parts of the pathogen.
What does a tetanus shot protect against?
A tetanus shot protects against infection by the tetanus-causing bacteria. It contains an inactivated bacterial toxin that helps the immune system develop protection.
Are vaccines preventive or curative?
Vaccines are preventive, not curative. They can help prevent diseases before they happen but do not treat them once someone is already sick.
Getting vaccinated protects:
Getting vaccinated not only protects you but also the people around you by reducing the spread of diseases in the community.
Vaccines are one of the most effective ways to prevent serious diseases.
Vaccines are one of the most effective ways to protect people of all ages against many serious diseases. They help prevent illnesses, reduce the spread of infections, and save millions of lives every year.
Vaccines can treat diseases once someone is already sick.
Vaccines are preventive, not curative. They can help prevent diseases before they happen but cannot treat them once someone is already sick.
What was variolation?
Variolation was a traditional method used in India long before modern vaccines to protect against smallpox. It involved using material from a smallpox sore to scratch the skin and build immunity.
What were people who performed variolation called?
People who performed the traditional practice of variolation were known as teekedaars. They helped protect people from smallpox before modern vaccines.
India had traditional methods to protect against smallpox before modern vaccines.
Long before modern vaccines, India had a traditional method called variolation to protect against smallpox, showing early understanding of immunity.
What is India's position in vaccine production globally?
India is one of the world's largest vaccine producers. It manufactures vaccines on a massive scale and supplies them to many countries.
When did Indian vaccine companies play a key role globally?
Indian vaccine companies played a key role during the COVID-19 pandemic and continue to support global health efforts.
India supplies vaccines to many countries around the world.
India manufactures vaccines on a massive scale and supplies them to many countries, playing a crucial role in global health.
What are antibiotics?
Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria that cause diseases. They work only against bacterial infections.
Who discovered the first antibiotic, Penicillin?
Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming, a bacteriologist from London. He noticed that a mould on a discarded petri dish stopped bacteria from growing.
When was Penicillin discovered?
Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming. This chance discovery led to the development of the first antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections.
How was Penicillin discovered?
Penicillin was discovered by chance when Alexander Fleming noticed that a mould on a discarded petri dish stopped bacteria from growing. The mould released a substance that killed bacteria.
Antibiotics work against:
Antibiotics work only against bacterial infections because they target parts of bacterial cells that are different from human cells. They do not work against viruses or protozoa.
Why don't antibiotics work against viral infections?
Antibiotics target parts of bacterial cells that are different from human or other animal cells. Since viruses have a different structure, antibiotics cannot work against them.
Should we take antibiotics for cold, cough, or flu?
We should not take antibiotics for cold, cough, or flu because these are caused by viruses, and antibiotics only work against bacteria.
Antibiotics can cure all types of infections.
Antibiotics can only cure bacterial infections. They do not work against viral infections or diseases caused by protozoa.
What is antibiotic resistance?
Antibiotic resistance is when bacteria that were earlier killed by a given antibiotic are found to survive and multiply despite treatment with that antibiotic.
What causes antibiotic resistance?
Antibiotic resistance develops due to indiscriminate (unnecessary and improper) use of antibiotics. This has led to a decline in their effectiveness.
What are the risks of antibiotic resistance?
Antibiotic resistance makes common infections harder to treat and increases the risk of complications, prolonged illness, and even death.
How should antibiotics be used to prevent resistance?
To tackle antibiotic resistance, we must use antibiotics wisely - only when prescribed by a doctor, in the correct dose, and for the right duration.
Antibiotic resistance can spread from animals to humans.
Antibiotic resistance can develop in animals when antibiotics are given to them unnecessarily, and these resistant bacteria can spread to humans through animal food products.
Avoiding unnecessary use of antibiotics helps prevent resistant bacteria.
Avoiding unnecessary use of antibiotics helps prevent the rise of resistant bacteria and keeps antibiotics effective for future generations.
Which traditional medicine systems have been used in India for many years?
Traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani have been used in India for many years to manage common health problems.
What do traditional medicine systems use for treatment?
Traditional medicine systems use natural substances like herbs, oils, and minerals for managing illnesses and promoting recovery.
Traditional medicine systems are effective for all diseases at all stages.
While traditional systems can help with some conditions and are useful for everyday well-being, they may not be effective for all diseases and at all stages.
Dr. Kamal Ranadive studied the link between which factors and cancer?
Dr. Kamal Ranadive studied how hormones and certain viruses are linked to cancer. Her work also showed how tobacco, diet, and pollution can raise the risk of cancer.
Dr. Maharaj Kishan Bhan helped develop vaccine against which disease?
Dr. Maharaj Kishan Bhan played a key role in developing the Rotavirus vaccine, which protects children from diarrhoea.
Dr. Maharaj Kishan Bhan was the Secretary of which department?
Dr. Maharaj Kishan Bhan was the Secretary of the Department of Biotechnology. He helped promote science and innovation in India.
Dr. Kamal Ranadive was a pioneering biomedical researcher.
Dr. Kamal Ranadive (1917-2001) was a pioneering biomedical researcher who studied how hormones and certain viruses are linked to cancer.
According to WHO, diabetes and heart attacks are more prevalent in which region?
According to WHO, diabetes and heart attacks are more prevalent in people of South-east Asia. This is due to lifestyle and dietary factors common in this region.
Excessive screen time in children leads to:
Increase in screen time in children leads to a rise in obesity, sleep disorders, and anxiety. Limiting screen time is important for children's health.
Excessive screen watching leads to which eye condition in children?
Excessive screen watching leads to dry eye disease in children. This is because we blink less while looking at screens, causing our eyes to dry out.
Yoga helps in reducing anxiety and increasing concentration.
Yoga reduces anxiety and increases concentration. It is beneficial for both physical and mental health.
Air pollution is one of the leading risk factors for health.
Air pollution is one of the leading risk factors for health. It can cause respiratory problems, heart disease, and other health issues.
Immersion into social media is causing a rise in loneliness.
Immersion into social media is spurring rise in loneliness. Despite being connected online, excessive social media use can lead to feelings of isolation.
What is the recommended reduction in oil in diet?
The diet mantra recommends reducing oil in diet by 10%. Reducing the amount of oil and sugar in diet helps maintain good health.
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